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By Clint Richardson
WeAreChangeLA

Detention camps are not a new concept. I challenge you all to research the American treatment of Foreign -and- American born Japanese, German, Italian people living in the United States during and post WW2. While the names have changed, The War Relocation Authority is alive and well. Rendition is being practiced by Obama despite his campaign promises to end it. Guantanamo is not going to close. The following is a list of camps and prisons used for holding both foreigners living in America and citizens who would not fight in the war (draft dodgers).

WRA Relocation Camps

The War Relocation Authority (WRA) was the U.S. civilian agency responsible for the relocation and detention. The WRA was created by President Roosevelt on March 18, 1942 with Executive Order 9102 and officially ceased to exist June 30, 1946. Milton S. Eisenhower, then an official of the Department of Agriculture, was chosen to head the WRA. Within nine months, the WRA had opened ten facilities in seven states, and transferred over 100,000 people from the WCCA facilities.

The WRA camp at Tule Lake, though initially like the other camps, eventually became a detention center for people believed to pose a security risk. Tule Lake also served as a “segregation center” for individuals and families who were deemed “disloyal” and for those who were to be deported to Japan.

There were three types of camps:

Civilian Assembly Centers - were temporary camps, most located at horse tracks, where the Nikkei (emigrants of Japanese ancestry or their descendants) were sent as they were removed from their communities. Think of these as places to sort red, blue and yellow detainees (order of importance). Eventually, most were sent to Relocation Centers.

Relocation Centers - also known as internment camps. Relocation, Internment… these are nice ways of saying prison. If you aren’t allowed to leave, it’s a prison. Semantics do not change definitions. Think of this as rounding up all the homeless against their will, putting a fence and guards around them, not letting them leave, taking their children also against their will, and putting a sign up that says ‘home sweet home’. It is an indefinate holding area.

Detention camps - housed Nikkei (emigrants of Japanese ancestry or their descendants) considered to be disruptive or of special interest to the government. This is prison for whoever is deemed a bad guy. The red and blue list. Guilty until proven innocent.
List of American Camps
Civilian Assembly Centers - Known to have held civilians:

Arcadia, California (Santa Anita Racetrack, stables)
Fresno, California (Big Fresno Fairgrounds, racetrack, stables)
Marysville / Arboga, California (migrant workers’ camp)
Mayer, Arizona (Civilian Conservation Corps camp)
Merced, California (county fairgrounds)
Owens Valley, California
Parker Dam, Arizona
Pinedale, California (Pinedale Assembly Center, warehouses)
Pomona, California (Los Angeles County Fairgrounds, racetrack, stables)
Portland, Oregon (Pacific International Livestock Exposition, including 3,800 housed in the main pavilion building)
Puyallup, Washington (fairgrounds racetrack stables, Informally known as “Camp Harmony”)
Sacramento / Walerga, California (migrant workers’ camp)
Salinas, California (fairgrounds, racetrack, stables)
San Bruno, California (Tanforan racetrack, stables)
Stockton, California (San Joaquin County Fairgrounds, racetrack, stables)
Tulare, California (fairgrounds, racetrack, stables)
Turlock, California (Stanislaus County Fairgrounds)
Woodland, California

List of Internment Camps - Known to have held civilians:

Gila River War Relocation Center, Arizona
Granada War Relocation Center, Colorado (AKA “Amache”)
Heart Mountain War Relocation Center, Wyoming
Jerome War Relocation Center, Arkansas
Manzanar War Relocation Center, California
Minidoka War Relocation Center, Idaho
Poston War Relocation Center, Arizona
Rohwer War Relocation Center, Arkansas
Topaz War Relocation Center, Utah
Tule Lake War Relocation Center California

Justice Department Detention Camps -These camps often held German and Italian detainees in addition to Japanese Americans:

Crystal City, Texas
Fort Lincoln, North Dakota
Fort Missoula, Montana
Fort Stanton, New Mexico
Kennedy, Texas
Kooskia, Idaho
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Segoville, Texas

Citizen Isolation Centers - The Citizen Isolation Centers were for those considered to be problem inmates:

Leupp, Arizona
Moab, Utah (AKA Dalton Wells)
Old Raton Ranch/Fort Stanton, New Mexico

Federal Bureau of Prisons - Detainees convicted of crimes, usually draft resistance, were sent to these camps:

Catalina, Arizona
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
McNeill Island, Washington

US Army Facilities - These camps often held German and Italian detainees in addition to Japanese Americans:

Angel Island/Fort McDowell
Camp Blanding, Florida
Camp Forrest
Camp Livingston, Louisiana
Camp Lordsburg, New Mexico
Camp McCoy, Wisconsin
Florence, Arizona
Fort Bliss
Fort Howard
Fort Lewis
Fort Meade
Fort Richardson
Fort Sam Houston
Fort Sill, Oklahoma
Griffith Park
Honolulu, Hawaii
Sand Island, Hawaii
Stringtown, Oklahoma

Links:

http://www.teacheroz.com/Japanese_Internment.htm
http://www.cnn.com/US/9709/21/italian.relocation/index.html
http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist10/relocbook.html
http://www.nps.gov/archive/manz/terminology.htm
http://www.sfmuseum.org/war/evactxt.html
http://www.lib.washington.edu/exhibits/harmony/Documents/wrapam.html
http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf596nb4h0&chunk.id=c01-1.3.6.3&brand=oac

And many, many others…

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